The history of sound recording

The acoustic vibrometer, created by the French scientist Scott in 1857, was the first recording instrument. It was a device that recorded a ‘picture’ of sound waves using the vibrations caused by the waves. Although the acoustic vibrometer could not display sound, it enabled mankind for the first time to convert sound signals, and it also paved the way for the construction of the phonograph, a true recording device.

Thomas Edison, an American inventor and businessman, produced the first phonograph in history in 1877. This “talking machine” became a worldwide phenomenon, kicking off the history of human recording. Edison wrapped tin foil around a metal cylinder with a spiral groove. At one end, a small needle brushed against the foil and was attached to the receiver at the other. As the crank turned the metal cylinder, the undulating sound vibrated the short needle, which was carved in different grooves in the tin foil. The original sound is produced when the short needle is repeatedly vibrated along the grooves.

Burriner, a German engineer, develops a way of reproducing recordings in 1891, using a gilded copper mould as the master disc and insect glue as the raw material for casting reproductions, formally replacing the cylinder phonograph with the gramophone. Hand-wound wire is still used to power the phonograph. It is likewise based on the notion of producing sound by running a needle between the grooves of a record. Only the cylinder rotation was changed to disc rotation. The phonograph was widely used when the record was originally invented since it was simple to reproduce and could be mass produced.

In 1948, after World War II, Ged Mark, chief engineer at Columbia Records, invented an entirely new kind of record. Using diamonds as stylus and vinyl as recording material, Mark reduced the recording speed to 33.3 rpm and increased the groove density so that a 12-inch record could play more than 20 minutes of music on each side. This is often referred to as ‘compact recording’, also known as ‘long recording’. The birth of the compact disc greatly contributed to the boom in the popular music market and led to a new era in the development of the phonograph.

In truth, the Danish scientist Paulsen discovered that magnetised steel wire could hold sound impulses as early as the early twentieth century, but the wire was heavy and unwieldy, limiting the use of this type of recording. The contemporary magnetic tape was invented in the 1930s by German physicist Frauenema, who added magnetic iron powder to paper and plastic tapes.

A magnetic tape is a strip of material containing a magnetic layer, usually a plastic film tape base coated with a granular magnetic material or evaporated and deposited with a magnetic oxide. The principle of magnetic tape recording also begins with the electro-acoustic recording mechanism, where the energy of sound vibrations is first transformed by a sensor into an electrical signal whose strength follows the sound, and then the recording head changes its coil properties to magnetise the magnetic material on the tape according to the changing strength of the electrical signal, and depending on the electrical signal, the properties of the magnetised material also vary, thus recording the sound signal. During the Second World War, German radio stations were already making extensive use of tape recorders, but at this time they were still only used to record and broadcast speeches by military generals.

Following its introduction in 1979, the Philips optical disc established its appeal in the world’s first high-density optical disc storage system. The high-density optical disc is a different type of optical storage medium than magnetic carriers. It stores data on the disc using small spiral-shaped pitted rings.

However, CDs have been booming for over 20 years. Since 2005, music sales on the CD medium have plummeted. This is due to the rapid development of Internet technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. At the same time, music production facilities began to move towards recording studios and personalisation due to the increasing performance of personal computers, the increasing storage capacity and the popularity of various recording software and related hardware devices. Many musicians, musicologists and music lovers could readily make high-quality recordings in the piano room of their own homes or classrooms for personal reference, mutual exchange, online on-demand, or even to be sent to record companies for official publication.

Reflection of outcome

I recorded a lot of my recorded sound material throughout my job and used part of it in the sound library because some of the noises were tough to Foley, thanks to the Foley artists that developed the sound library. We couldn’t have done the sound work as smoothly as we did without them doing the work of one person sowing and the other reaping.

Before one minute and forty seconds, my favourite sounds in the film were the sound of my rubbing and the creaking of the bed. I recorded the series of sounds as the main character is struggling to move his body in bed in my bedroom. I executed the same movements as the video, which was entertaining. The creaking of the iron structure was responsible for the other crunching sounds heard. I captured the sound of the clip when the main character pulled the I.V. needle out, even though I initially assumed the two noises would be completely different. However, when I added the track, I discovered that the two sounds were remarkably similar. All in all I think Foley left more to my imagination.

After finishing the entire sound, I detected sounds that I had missed, such as the actor pulling the IV tube when he stumbles into the toilet at 1:26, which I hadn’t observed before or after the recording. I didn’t record the scraping sound at 2:34 when the match is extinguished because I thought it would convey the protagonist’s haste to the audience. And if I had more time, I would have probably completed the entire 8-minute part I had chosen. Because the sound shift would have been significant after the segment I finished, which was made mainly of outdoor footage. I will also continue to refine this video and use this video piece as part of my portfolio for my postgraduate application.

Early horror games

Atari released the game Haunted House on the Atari 2600 platform in 1982, which is widely regarded as the originator of horror games, but in today’s eyes, this game from nearly half a century ago has simple graphics and monotonous sound effects, but Haunted House did open up a new genre of games at the time.

The story takes place in a somewhat eerie backdrop, with old Grandpa Greaves dying in his mansion and leaving behind a wonderful magic urn. We will control the game’s protagonist, a pair of big, flickering eyes like two salty duck eggs, and we will need to search the room and avoid the ghost bats, and finally gather three pieces, and the game will be declared a pass, with the operating ability of the elderly handicapped party of Dragon’s Teeth, you can also easily pass the game in ten minutes, considering the game was priced at $25 at the time, the game is now considered very conscientious in comparison.

A comprehensive look at the “Haunted House” has attempted to combine the various core points of exploration, ghosts, darkness, and other elements of horror, due to the limitations of the game machine at the time, the picture pixelated, the soundtrack electronic sound, the expression of the horror game is only a blend of horror theme and traditional adventure mode, the use of sound effects to create a bit of environmental horror, in the process of progressive exploration relying on the use of sound effects

Feelings and perceptions of Foley

The Foley artist, in my opinion, has numerous identities. I experienced a different identity during this Foley production: the actor. The Foley artist is the performer in the background, as opposed to an actor who may perform in front of an audience. When I attempted to mimic the sound of walking in the first half of the tape, I attentively followed the performer’s gait and attempted to assume the role of Foley, but it didn’t turn out well because I overlooked the floor’s material. After observing the main character moving across tiles, carpet, broken glass, and wooden planks, I decided to use the studio’s four anodyne flooring. The transitions were interesting and it took me ten attempts to achieve a satisfactory result.

Second, I became aware that, in addition to doing voices, I also needed to read screenplays and have strong creative and analytical faculties in order to be a successful Foley artist. My mind had to predict the sounds that would correspond before Foley, so creativity was crucial. Normally, in order to improve my sense of perception, I would keep a sound diary where I would capture sounds from my daily life. The urge to think deeply is another factor. I frequently explore because I feel that one material may be utilised as numerous sound mediums and can be used in a number of settings, which is interesting because there are many scenes that I can’t duplicate.

Thirdly, I value cooperation because a Foley artist needs a market. I’m experimenting, therefore I need suggestions from the viewers. Because my spouse was continually assisting me with the details, I, for instance, captured the sound of the metal hitting and falling six times during the scene where the protagonist falls off the bed.

The Foley process was a lot of fun and I was constantly getting a feel for the sound. It was all very interesting and Foley is an essential and very important element of film and television.

Analysis of the role of music on screens

When I initially watched the film, the seamless transitions and the very moving soundtrack captivated me. It definitely has a James Bond theme song-like quality to it, powerful and inspiring celebration, meaning, and storytelling in me. I believe it might have been taken from archival music.

I discover a frequency or rhythm by combining sound and visual. In this clip, I’ve come to understand how sound and image work together to make a narrative. I see jewellery, ships, guns, and other things. These pictures brought to mind luxury and wealth, politics and power, and bloodshed.

It’s interesting how the pictures change whenever the sound rhythmically ascends and descends. The opening music is tense and is followed by a repeating tune with an increasing tempo as the sound and images approach a climax where they appear to be outlining a story’s plot. Ten transitions in all, each with a strong background sound, are followed by an explosion of pictures as the sound fades out. My favourite part is the conclusion, when the enormous crystal lamp tumbles to the ground, explodes, or splashes, symbolising the end of the economy and the beginning of violence and conflict. This section finishes abruptly, as though everything had come to an end. The crimson colour and the explosive coda, which both represent violence and war, at this point bring the sights and the sound back to reality, so it doesn’t appear abrupt.

The interaction between the photos and the title track makes for a flawless presentation of the composition. Such a symbolic strategy induces an everlasting state of reverie in the viewer. The sound design is more artistic than the previously examined sound components, and it is a work of art in and of itself because it may conjure up deeper meanings and be heard in a variety of ways. I now have a better idea of what sound designers do thanks to this video. It is a sound designer’s responsibility to develop, be inventive, and be creative in addition to recording. The only way to create a piece that is both audio-visual and has a larger range of expression is in this way.

Sound in La La Land

The function of music, and indeed the entire soundscape, in the film is obvious as it is a song and dance film.

The significance of sound effects in La La Land. The first occurs when Mia meets the actress in a café to purchase coffee. She is transfixed as she watches the attractive idol walk out of the café when a quick beep pulls her out of her reverie: she has an audition. A simple analogy that exactly describes Mia’s situation: a young lady with big goals who works part-time in a café to make ends meet and auditions for jobs in her spare time.

The second time is when Mia and Seb are standing in front of a bench after a tap dance, and just before the moment of kissing, Mia’s phone rings with Greg, the boy she has been dating for some time; this abrupt interruption is used at least two times in the film, and is a setting often used in popular romance films, perhaps most famously in the 1934 Frank Capra won the Oscar for Best Picture in 1934 for “It Happened One Night”.

Aside from this minor sound effect, the film’s theme song is more than just a theme song. The restaurant encounter scene, which appears three times at the beginning and end of the film, and the moving melody, arranged by Justin Hurwitz, is as enlightening as it is in the film, making Mia or Seb realise what they really want every time it appears.

Sound design in Dune

The 2022 Academy Award-winning film for Best Sound is Dune directed by Denis Villeneuve, Dune presents a mysterious and touching hero’s journey. A gifted young man, Paul Etradi, is guided by fate to a thrilling adventure on the most dangerous planet in the universe to defend his family and his people. At the same time, various forces join the battle for a precious resource on this planet that can unlock the greatest human potential. In the end, only those who can overcome their fears will survive. As with director Denis Villeneuve’s previous film Blade Runner 2049, Villeneuve weaves sound design and music into a fluid sonic experience that feels cohesive and unique.

I watched several interviews with Dune’s numerous sound designers, and Mark Mangini and Theo Green show how the sounds in the dunes propel the plot along, the ambiance of the place, and the sound of the sandworm. Mangini claims that when they were designing the sandworm sound, director Dennis proposed that it be the driest sound on the globe. They originally attempted employing genuine animals from Earth, beginning with the roars of lions, tigers, and elephants, but they all sounded sloppy and nasty. The sound of a sandworm, according to the filmmaker, has to be the driest sound that sprang to mind. They ended up employing a dry brush and some dry twig noises as one of the sandworm sounds sources. This intrigued me since it was difficult for me to envision an object with such a loud sound being made from these components. It also demonstrates the importance of constantly experimenting with sound design.

Another sound design in the film clip that really struck me was the spice in the sand, a valuable hallucinogenic substance, which Mangini sprinkles with crispy rice crackers and stomps on with her work boots. The sand then makes a subtle crunching sound. And in another Dune example of sand sounds, Mangini buries a microphone in the sand. It’s an underwater microphone, a hydrophone. In the Dune film, the characters use a device called a “pounding machine” to rhythmically tap the sand and summon giant sand worms. To obtain this sound, Mangini and Green bury their hydrophone microphone at various depths in the sandy sea of Death Valley and then use a mallet to tap the sand above the microphone.